Kugeza mu myaka ya za 1950, amakuru yimikorere ya mashini ya CNC yaturutse ahanini ku makarita ya punch, yakozwe cyane cyane binyuze mubikorwa bitoroshye. Ihinduka mu iterambere rya CNC ni uko iyo ikarita isimbuwe no kugenzura mudasobwa, igaragaza mu buryo butaziguye iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa, ndetse n’ibishushanyo mbonera bya mudasobwa (CAD) hamwe na porogaramu zifasha mudasobwa (CAM). Gutunganya byabaye kimwe mubikorwa byambere bya tekinoroji ya mudasobwa igezweho.
Nubwo moteri yisesengura yakozwe na Charles Babbage hagati yimyaka ya 1800 ifatwa nka mudasobwa ya mbere muburyo bugezweho, Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Massachusetts (MIT) mudasobwa nyayo ya mudasobwa nyayo I (nayo yavukiye muri laboratoire ya servo) ni mudasobwa ya mbere kwisi hamwe na comptabilite hamwe na magnetiki yibuka (nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira). Itsinda ryashoboye gukoresha imashini kugirango yandike mudasobwa igenzurwa na kaseti isobekeranye. Umucumbitsi wambere yakoresheje imiyoboro ya vacuum 5000 kandi ipima hafi 20000 pound.
Iterambere ryihuse ryiterambere rya mudasobwa muriki gihe byari bimwe mubibazo icyo gihe. Byongeye kandi, abantu bagerageza kugurisha iki gitekerezo ntibazi mubyukuri gukora - ni inzobere za mudasobwa. Muri kiriya gihe, igitekerezo cya NC cyari kidasanzwe ku bakora inganda ku buryo iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryatinze cyane muri kiriya gihe, ku buryo amaherezo ingabo z’Amerika zagombaga gukora imashini 120 za NC zikayikodesha mu nganda zitandukanye kugira ngo zitangire kumenyekanisha imikoreshereze yazo. .
Gahunda y'ubwihindurize kuva NC kugeza CNC
Hagati ya 1950:G code, ururimi rukoreshwa cyane muri NC, yavukiye muri servo mechanism Laboratoire ya Massachusetts Institute of Technology. G code ikoreshwa mukubwira ibikoresho byimashini zikoresha mudasobwa uburyo bwo gukora ikintu. Itegeko ryoherejwe kumashini igenzura, hanyuma ibwira moteri umuvuduko wo kugenda n'inzira igomba kunyuramo.
1956:ingufu zo mu kirere zasabye gukora ururimi rusange rwo gutangiza gahunda yo kugenzura imibare. Ishami rishya ry’ubushakashatsi bwa MIT, riyobowe na Doug Ross kandi ryiswe Itsinda rya Porogaramu ya Mudasobwa, ryatangiye kwiga icyo cyifuzo no guteza imbere ikintu kizwi nyuma cyitwa ururimi rwa porogaramu mu buryo bwikora igikoresho (APT).
1957:ishyirahamwe ryinganda zindege nishami ryingabo zirwanira mu kirere bafatanyije na MIT muguhuza imirimo ya apt maze bakora imashini yambere ya CNC yemewe. Apt, yaremye mbere yo kuvumbura ibishushanyo mbonera na FORTRAN, ikoresha inyandiko gusa kugirango yimure geometrie n'inzira y'ibikoresho kumashini igenzura (NC). (verisiyo yanyuma yanditswe muri FORTRAN, hanyuma apt irekurwa murwego rwabaturage.
1957:ubwo yakoraga muri General Electric, umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa w’umunyamerika, Patrick J. Hanratty, yateje imbere kandi asohora ururimi rw’ubucuruzi rwa mbere rwa NC rwitwa Pronto, rwashizeho urufatiro rwa gahunda za CAD kandi ruzamuha izina ridasanzwe rya "se wa cad / cam".
. irashobora gutobora, gucukura, gusya, no kunyuza ibice bidafite akamaro hagati yimashini.
1959:Itsinda rya MIT ryagiranye ikiganiro n’abanyamakuru kugira ngo berekane ibikoresho byabo bishya bya CNC.
1959:ingabo zirwanira mu kirere zasinyanye amasezerano yumwaka na laboratoire ya sisitemu ya elegitoroniki ya MIT yo guteza imbere "umushinga ufasha mudasobwa". Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo gukora imashini (AED) yasohotse kumurongo rusange muri 1965.
1959:General Motors (GM) yatangiye kwiga icyiswe icyuma cyongerewe mudasobwa (DAC-1), imwe muri sisitemu ya kera ya CAD ishushanya. Umwaka ukurikira, berekanye IBM nkumufatanyabikorwa. Igishushanyo kirashobora gusikanwa muri sisitemu, ikabarura kandi irashobora guhinduka. Noneho, izindi software zirashobora guhindura imirongo muburyo bwa 3D hanyuma ikayisohora kuri apt yo kohereza imashini isya. DAC-1 yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 1963 itangizwa ku mugaragaro mu 1964.
1962:ishusho yambere yubucuruzi ya CAD sisitemu ya elegitoronike (EDM) yakozwe na itek, rwiyemezamirimo w’ingabo muri Amerika, yatangijwe. Yaguzwe nubugenzuzi bwamakuru, isosiyete nkuru na supercomputer, hanyuma yitwa digigraphy. Byabanje gukoreshwa na Lockheed hamwe nandi masosiyete mugukora ibice byumusaruro windege zitwara gisirikare za C-5 Galaxy, byerekana ikibazo cyambere cya sisitemu yo gukora cad / cnc iherezo.
Ikinyamakuru Time icyo gihe cyanditse ingingo kuri EDM muri Werurwe, 1962, maze cyerekana ko igishushanyo mbonera cy’umukoresha cyinjiye muri mudasobwa ihendutse binyuze kuri konsole, gishobora gukemura ibibazo no kubika ibisubizo mu buryo bwa digitale na microfilm mu isomero ryacyo ryo kwibuka. Gusa kanda buto hanyuma ushushanye igishushanyo hamwe n'ikaramu yoroheje, hanyuma injeniyeri arashobora kwinjira mubiganiro biruka hamwe na EDM, wibuke ikintu cyose yashushanyije kare kuri ecran muri milisegonda, hanyuma uhindure imirongo n'imirongo uko bishakiye.
Ivan Sutherland yiga TX-2
Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana urumuri
Muri kiriya gihe, abashushanya imashini n’amashanyarazi bari bakeneye igikoresho cyo kwihutisha akazi katoroshye kandi gatwara igihe bakunze gukora. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, Ivan E. Sutherland wo mu ishami ry’amashanyarazi muri MIT yashyizeho uburyo bwo gukora mudasobwa zigendanwa zifatanya n’abashushanya.
Ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC bigenda bikurura kandi bikamenyekana
Hagati ya za 1960, kugaragara kwa mudasobwa nto zihenze byahinduye amategeko yumukino mu nganda. Nkesha transistor nshya hamwe nubuhanga bwibanze bwo kwibuka, izi mashini zikomeye zifata umwanya muto ugereranije nicyumba kinini kinini cyakoreshejwe kugeza ubu.
Mudasobwa ntoya, izwi kandi nka mudasobwa yo hagati muri kiriya gihe, mubisanzwe ifite igiciro cyinshi cyigiciro cyinshi, ikababohora kubuzwa n’amasosiyete cyangwa ingabo zabanjirije iyi, kandi igatanga ubushobozi bwukuri, kwizerwa no gusubiramo ibigo bito, imishinga.
Ibinyuranye, microcomputer ni 8-bit ukoresha umwe, imashini yoroshye ikoresha sisitemu yoroshye ikora (nka MS-DOS), mugihe mudasobwa zo munsi ni 16 bit cyangwa 32-bit. Ibigo byangiza ibintu birimo Ukuboza, amakuru rusange, hamwe na Hewlett Packard (HP) (ubu bivuga mudasobwa zahoze ari nto, nka HP3000, nka "seriveri").
Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, iterambere ry’ubukungu ryatinze ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’akazi byatumye imashini ya CNC isa nkigisubizo cyiza kandi cyiza, kandi icyifuzo cyibikoresho bya sisitemu ya NC ihendutse cyariyongereye. Nubwo abashakashatsi b'Abanyamerika bibanda ku nganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka software hamwe n’ikirere, Ubudage (bwifatanije n’Ubuyapani mu myaka ya za 1980) bwibanda ku masoko ahendutse kandi burenga Amerika mu kugurisha imashini. Ariko, muriki gihe, hariho urukurikirane rwibigo byabanyamerika CAD nabatanga ibicuruzwa, harimo UGS Corp., computervision, applicon na IBM.
Mu myaka ya za 1980, hamwe no kugabanuka kwibiciro byibyuma bishingiye kuri microprocessor no kugaragara kwurusobe rwakarere (LAN), umuyoboro wa mudasobwa uhuza nabandi, igiciro nigikoresho cyibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC nabyo byagaragaye. Mugice cya nyuma cyimyaka ya za 1980, mudasobwa nto hamwe na terefone nini za mudasobwa byasimbujwe aho bakorera, imiyoboro ya dosiye na mudasobwa bwite (PCS), bityo bakuraho imashini za CNC za za kaminuza n’amasosiyete yari asanzwe ayashyiraho (kuko ari yo yonyine mudasobwa zihenze zishobora kwigurira).
Mu 1989, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge n’ikoranabuhanga munsi y’ishami ry’ubucuruzi muri Amerika cyashyizeho umushinga wongerewe imashini igenzura imashini (EMC2, nyuma yiswe linuxcnc), ikaba ari sisitemu ya software ya gnu / linux ifunguye ikoresha mudasobwa rusange igamije kugenzura CNC imashini. Linuxcnc itanga inzira yigihe kizaza cyibikoresho bya mashini bya CNC, biracyakoreshwa mubikorwa bya mudasobwa.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-19-2022